In law, conveyancing is the transfer of legal title of property from one person to another, or the granting of an encumbrance such as a mortgage or a lien.
The term conveyancing may also be used in the context of the
movement of bulk commodities or other products such as water, sewerage,
electricity, or gas.
A typical conveyancing transaction contains two major landmarks: the exchange of contracts
(whereby equitable title passes) and completion (whereby legal title
passes). Conveyancing occurs in three stages: before contract, before
completion and after completion.
A buyer of real property must ensure that he or she obtains a good and marketable 'title' to the land; i.e.,
that the seller is the owner, has the right to sell the property, and
there is no factor which would impede a mortgage or re-sale.
A system of conveyancing is usually designed to ensure that the buyer
secures title to the land together with all the rights that run with the
land, and is notified of any restrictions in advance of purchase. In
most mature jurisdictions, conveyancing is facilitated by a system of land registration which is designed to encourage reliance on public records and assure purchasers of land that they are taking good title.
In England and Wales, this is usually done by a solicitor or a licensed conveyancer. Either may employ or supervise an unqualified conveyancer.
The domestic conveyancing market is price competitive, with a high
number of firms of solicitors and conveyancing companies offering a
similar service. It is possible for someone to carry out their own
conveyancing.
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